Between 20, the number of armed individuals in Colombia rose from 9,000 to 15,000 respectively, with many shifting from political violence to criminal violence. And although, after the 2016 Peace Agreement, the FARC-EP was largely disarmed and abandoned violence as a means of interaction with the state, this process created a void that was filled by other armed groups and deserters from the peace process.
An escalation of internal disputes among the armed groups for territorial control, drug trafficking routes, and criminal revenues gave birth to new forms of violence. When Gustavo Petro was elected in August 2022, there were both new waves of violence and a rise in armed groups. Following the signing of the Peace Agreement with FARC-EP, a transformation in the security and violence landscape was observed in Colombia. Total Peace, proposed by Gustavo Petro’s government, aims to foster dialogue between the state and multiple groups of different natures, whether they are criminal actors or armed groups, by implementing the 2016 Peace Agreement with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC-EP) and dismantling oppressive structures.
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